Dissect Gliomagenesis by an Adult Drosophila Model System
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), has the most common and highest mortality rate among primary brain tumors in adults. It remains the most aggressive brain tumor with no cure due to its invasive nature, heterogeneity, and complex pathological mechanisms. Frequent genetic alterations that activate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling, as well as metabolic remodeling, have been associated with gliomagenesis.
Modeling human GBM in Drosophila has recently become feasible by introducing glioma driver mutations specifically in glia cells. Fly glioma model recapitulates many key features of human GBM with regard to increased cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and tumor stiffening. Numerous gliomagenic pathways, such as the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling and metabolic pathways, are highly conserved from fruit fly to human. These features make Drosophila a valid and attractive system that can be used to elucidate mechanisms of gliomagenesis, perform genetic screenings and eventually be beneficial for developing future therapeutics.
We have established an adult fly glioma model (Chi et al., 2019) utilizing genetic gain and mutational activation of the EGFR and PI3K pathways (is found in over 40% of GBMs). In this system, glioma-induced animals showed significant brain enlargement, locomotor abnormalities, memory deficits, and a shorter lifespan. Combining systematic analysis using genetic, pharmacologic, and cell biology approaches, this in vivo model could allow the determination of the pathometabolic pathways involved in gliomagenesis, as well as provide valuable mechanismic insight for novel therapeutic strategies.
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